Safety Officer Iosh Osha

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OSHAcademy. Occupational Safety & Health AdministrationDEFINITIONCHAPTER 3FIREFire is the res...
08/03/2026

OSHAcademy. Occupational Safety & Health Administration
DEFINITION
CHAPTER 3
FIRE
Fire is the result of a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with Oxygen,
destroying its form by the heat generated in the process.
NATURE OF FIRE
Fire in the rapid oxidation and reduction of a material in the chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various reaction products like smoke.
 Deliberated
 Carelessness with lighted matches and ci******es.
 Smoking in prohibited areas.
 Loss of control while burning of rubbish.
 Short Circuiting due to faulty electrical wiring and fittings.
 Incorrect use of electrical circuits and appliances.
FIRE TRIANGLE
There are three factors to support Combustion:
 Fuel: It may be in the form of solid, liquid or gas.
 Oxygen: It exists in the air (21%).
 Heat: Minimum temperature required to
Start a fire known as ignition temperature.
SOURCE OF IGNITION
Following are the possible sources of ignition to start a fire:
 Overheating due to electrical short circuiting.
 Smoking.
 Hot work i.e. welding, burning etc.
 Chemical Reactions.
 Heating appliances.
 Friction.
 Static electricity.
 Lightning.
 Improper Storage of reactive chemicals.

OSHAcademy. Page 5Occupational Safety & Health AdministrationThese signs prov...
05/03/2026

OSHAcademy. Page 5
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
These signs provide direction to firefighting equipment in case of fire (Fire Extinguishers, Fire
House). They are red in color and are square or rectangular in shape.
CLASSIFICATION OF SAFETY SIGNS

OSHAcademy Psychosocial FactorsMachine Places work:Lack of control of pace and lack of participation in task design.Soci...
03/03/2026

OSHAcademy
Psychosocial Factors
Machine Places work:
Lack of control of pace and lack of participation in task design.
Social Environment at Work:
Group and peer pressure, Negative social interaction, poor task feedback, all contribute towards
tiredness of workers leading to limb disorders.
Work Schedule and overtime:
Continuous shift work, overtime, high production demands cause fatigue for workers and
ultimately limb disorders.
INDIVIDUALS
Individual Differences
 New employees (aggressive, no or little experience and training)
 Competence skill level(varies according to an age and experience)
 Body size (Tall, short, fat, skinny)
 Vulnerable groups (Ethnicity, etc.)
 Health status and disability
 Individual attitudes/compliance
Working station layout

Occupational Safety & Health AdministrationTYPES OF SAFETYNormative SafetyNormative safety is term used to describe prod...
01/03/2026

Occupational Safety & Health Administration
TYPES OF SAFETY
Normative Safety
Normative safety is term used to describe products or designs that meet applicable design
standards and protection.
Example: Chairs are designed to support the back of worker sitting on it.
Substantive Safety
Substantive or objective safety means that the real-world safety history is favorable, whether or
not standards are met.
Example: If a worker is standing in the middle of a roof which has no grill, according to the
standards there is a fall hazard but as he standing in the middle he is safe.
Perceived Safety
Perceived or subjective safety refers to the level of comfort of users.
Example: If a person is claustrophobic he will not feel safe in a closed space even when there is no
hazard present.

Occupational Safety & Health AdministrationEliminate HazardsSubstituteEngineering ControlsAdministrative ControlPPEs (Pe...
01/03/2026

Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Eliminate Hazards
Substitute
Engineering Controls
Administrative Control
PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment)
Example: Electricity is a hazard and electric shock is the harm or an injury the worker may be
exposed to it is risk. Risk will be high if the electrical equipment being used is substandard, wiring
is poor, and the insulation on the wires is poor or if there is water on the ground.
Controls: These are the measures taken to control the risk or eliminate the hazards altogether.
Example: if there is a spill of water in a room, it presents a slipping hazard for person working in
that room. If access to that room is prevented by a physical barrier though the hazard would
remain but the risk of slips/trip would be minimized.
TYPES OF CONTROLS
 Engineering Control (e.g. railing of stairs etc.)
 Administrative Control (e.g. sign boards etc.)
 PPEs (Personal Protective Equipments)
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
These are the steps or the order in which management tries to reduce the Risk.
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH & SAFETY
 Workers need safety at workplace.
 They spend 8 to 10 hours a day at work site.
 Due to ignorance of Health & Safety concepts workers get various diseases like due to dust, gas,
noise.
 It improves the health insurance cost, absenteeism, sick leaves etc.
 It is good for the overall reputation of the employe

OSHA. Occupational Safety & Health AdministrationEliminate HazardsSubstituteE...
01/03/2026

OSHA. Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Eliminate Hazards
Substitute
Engineering Controls
Administrative Control
PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment)
Example: Electricity is a hazard and electric shock is the harm or an injury the worker may be
exposed to it is risk. Risk will be high if the electrical equipment being used is substandard, wiring
is poor, and the insulation on the wires is poor or if there is water on the ground.
Controls: These are the measures taken to control the risk or eliminate the hazards altogether.
Example: if there is a spill of water in a room, it presents a slipping hazard for person working in
that room. If access to that room is prevented by a physical barrier though the hazard would
remain but the risk of slips/trip would be minimized.
TYPES OF CONTROLS
 Engineering Control (e.g. railing of stairs etc.)
 Administrative Control (e.g. sign boards etc.)
 PPEs (Personal Protective Equipments)
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
These are the steps or the order in which management tries to reduce the Risk.
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH & SAFETY
 Workers need safety at workplace.
 They spend 8 to 10 hours a day at work site.
 Due to ignorance of Health & Safety concepts workers get various diseases like due to dust, gas,
noise.
 It improves the health insurance cost, absenteeism, sick leaves etc.
 It is good for the overall reputation of the employer.

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Retra Tuansa Deara Ghazi Khan
Lahore
32040

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