13/07/2013
Big Mac index shows Kiwi overvalued
LAURA WALTERS 12/07/2013
The New Zealand dollar is overvalued by 6.3 per cent (adjusted on a GDP per capita basis), according to The Economist's Big Mac index.
The index, which is published twice a year, was started by the business publication in 1986 as a light-hearted guide to whether currencies are at their "correct" level.
It is based on the theory of purchasing-power parity (PPP). This is the notion that in the long run, exchange rates should move towards the rate that would equalise the prices of an identical basket of goods and services - in this case, a burger - in any two countries.
The price of a Big Mac in New Zealand is US$4.30 (NZ$5.50), compared with US$4.56 (NZ$5.81) in the United States.
At present, US$1 can buy about NZ$1.28.
The index, when it compares New Zealand's fair-value exchange rate with New Zealand's gross domestic product per capita, calculates the kiwi as 6.3 per cent overvalued.
This adjusted index addresses the criticism that you would expect average burger prices to be cheaper in poor countries than in rich ones because labour costs were lower, The Economist said.
The Big Mac adjusted index said the kiwi was overvalued by 11.5 per cent at the start of the year.
PPP signals where exchange rates should be heading in the long run, but it says little about today's equilibrium rate.
Westpac market strategist Imre Speizer said readings from more conventional long-term PPP readings also placed the kiwi as overvalued.
Westpac's PPP had the kiwi overvalued by 25 per cent in the long term, he said.
The burger index was usually consistent with more conventional currency valuations, he said. "Even serious academic economists keep an eye on it."
It was difficult to get an accurate PPP measure as it was hard to find an identical basket of good across a range of countries, he said.
The easily digestible exchange rate index was "not to be dismissed".
"But if you wanted a serious currency valuation, you wouldn't just rely on the price of a hamburger," Speizer said.
The GDP-adjusted valuations in the index were an improvement, he said.
Burgernomics was never intended as a precise gauge of currency misalignment, The Economist said on its website.
However, the Big Mac index had become the subject of at least 20 academic studies, it said.
The GDP adjusted index has the Australian dollar undervalued by 12.9 per cent and the British pound undervalued by 3.4 per cent.
The countries that stood out on the index were Brazil, which, according to the adjusted index, was overvalued by 71.6 per cent, and the Hong Kong dollar, which was undervalued by 44.8 per cent.
The kiwi was trading at US78.30 cents early this afternoon.The website said PPP signalled where exchange rates should be heading in the long run, but it said little about today's equilibrium rate.
- © Fairfax NZ News