30/07/2026
A nationwide study by researchers from the University of the Philippines has revealed that nearly 31% of agricultural land converted into built-up areas between 2003 and 2019 was located within legally protected agricultural zones under the Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro-Industrial Development (NPAAAD). Using high-resolution Earth observation data, the researchers found that 3,228 hectares of the 10,397 hectares of cropland converted during the study period were situated inside areas intended to safeguard the country's most productive farmlands. The findings raise serious concerns about the effectiveness of existing land-use policies in protecting critical agricultural resources.
The study identified conversion hotspots across Central and Northern Luzon, particularly in Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac, as well as in SOCCSKSARGEN, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, Cebu, and Negros Occidental. Among the 15 provinces with the highest rates of agricultural land conversion, at least eight recorded more than 200 hectares of conversion within NPAAAD-protected areas. Researchers also found that in Luzon, many conversions occurred near major roads, highlighting how expanding transportation networks and rapid urban development continue to drive the loss of productive farmland.
Agricultural lands are essential not only for food production but also for rural livelihoods, biodiversity, groundwater recharge, and climate resilience. As urban expansion accelerates, the continued conversion of fertile croplands into residential, commercial, and industrial developments may reduce the country's long-term capacity to produce food domestically. Experts warn that losing prime agricultural land could increase dependence on food imports, place additional pressure on remaining farmlands, and make the country more vulnerable to future food supply disruptions caused by climate change and global market instability.
The researchers emphasize that the findings strengthen the case for comprehensive land-use reform, particularly through the proposed National Land Use Act (NaLUA), which seeks to establish a unified framework for balancing development with environmental protection and food security. They conclude that science-based spatial planning, stronger enforcement of existing agricultural protection policies, and coordinated national land management are essential to ensure that economic growth does not come at the expense of the Philippines' ability to feed future generations.
Science Department |