12/11/2017
What the Republican Tax Plan Means for You
After months of internal debate among Republicans, the House Ways and Means Committee released the details of its plan to overhaul the U.S. tax code for businesses and individuals. The highlights include lower rates for many individual households but not the highest earners; fewer individual tax brackets; a larger standard deduction for households who don’t itemize their tax bills; trimmed-back deductions for state and local taxes; eventual repeal of the estate tax; and much lower rates for corporate profits and profits for individuals on unincorporated business income.
As the law stands now, homeowners can claim as an itemized deduction interest paid on mortgages valued up to $1.1 million used to acquire or improve a first and/or second home. The plan maintains the current cap for existing homeowners, but slashes it to $500,000 for homes purchased in the future. This means a home buyer paying 4% interest on a $1 million mortgage would be able to deduct just $20,000, as opposed to the current $40,000.
At the same time as the plan cuts back on deductions for individual homeowners, it exempts real estate investors from a new 30% limit on interest deductibility for businesses.
Another change is to the provision that allows homeowners to exclude from their taxable income up to $250,000 in capital gains ($500,000 for married taxpayers) from a sale of their primary residence. Under the plan, to qualify for this break, homeowners must have owned and lived in the home for at least five of the last eight years. Currently the rule is two of the last five. Taxpayer use of the exclusion would also be limited to one sale every five years, rather than one every two. In addition, under the house bill, you begin to lose the gains exemption if adjusted gross income (in a look-back period) exceeded $500,000 if married or $250,000 if single.
Expensive markets would also be hit by the proposal to cap the deduction for property on a home at $10,000. Currently all state and local taxes are deductible in the ordinary tax (although not in the alternative minimum tax, which would be eliminated by the house bill).
Experts are still modeling who precisely will be impacted by all these changes and how much they will gain or lose compared to current law. In May, based on previously released tax plan outlines from Congress and the White House, NAR estimated taxes for homeowners with adjusted gross incomes between $50,000 and $200,000 would increase by an average of $815.
At that point, however, the industry was predominantly concerned that the doubling of the standard deduction (to $12,200 for individuals) would nullify the impact of the mortgage deduction. The proposal to cut the cap to $500,000, however, goes farther than NAR’s model, which also estimated the blueprint would cause a 10% drop in home values—with a greater loss in value in high tax states. Others estimates for drops in home values have been more modest. “Balancing tax reform on the backs of homeowners isn’t an option,” said NAR president Brown at the time.