02/16/2022
If you’ve owned a home for a while, this has probably happened to you.
During our 30+ years of inspecting homes, nearly every homebuyer I speak with can relate to this story: You happen to walk into the basement, storage room, or utility closet to retrieve something you stored there. Suddenly you spy a puddle around your water heater. If you’re lucky, it’s just a puddle—often it can be a flood! This always seems to happen when you’re rushing off to work, or just retuning from a vacation. If the heater has been leaking a while, it could have also damaged nearby flooring or items stored in the room before you noticed it. Its obvious that you need a new water heater, but how can you prevent this unpleasant surprise in the future?
Most water heaters won’t give you much visual warning that they’re getting ready to “kick the bucket.” When you look at an independent water heater, what you see is a steel jacket that covers a layer of insulation. The actual vessel that contains and heats the water isn’t visible from the outside, so there’s no way to quickly check its condition.
However, there are some subtle signs you can look for so you can plan on replacing the heater before it ambushes you at the worst possible time:
Age—Most electric or gas water heaters have a design life of approximately seven to ten years. (Oil-fired water heaters are constructed differently and generally last longer.) The build date of the heater is often noted on the label on the side, or you can usually ascertain it by checking the serial number on-line. Here in the northeast where private well water is common, it will tend toward the lower end of that range. The quality of the heater (read: price) will also be a determining factor. When we inspect a home, anything over seven years old needs close inspection and anything ten or more years old is immediately suspect. If your heater is more than ten years old, you should be budgeting for a new one.
Corrosion—As we’ve said, there’s no way to view the actual vessel that holds the water. However, there are a few places to look at for signs of corrosion. First, look at the fittings where the pipes enter and exit the heater, usually at the top. Second, if your heater is electric, TURN OFF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER in the electrical panel, then remove the one or two hatches on the side off the heater. This will let you look at the ports where the heating elements plug into the vessel for signs of corrosion. If you have a gas heater, TURN THE GAS CONTROL ALL THE WAY DOWN, then remove the plate at the bottom that conceals the burner. This should allow you to look at the bottom of the tank and the burner with a small flashlight. If you notice excessive rust or corrosion in any of these spots, the remaining life of the heater will be limited.
Noises—While its normal for humans to make some odd noises when they reach a certain age, its not normal to hear rumbling, gurgling or popping noises from your water heater. They’re a sign that it’s on borrowed time.
Rusty or cloudy water—If you suddenly start to notice a rusty appearance in your hot water, its also a sign the end is coming. Some people also report a sudden sulfur or rotten egg smell to the hot water, a sign that the anode is deteriorated.
Erratic Hot Water- If you have to adjust the temperature several times during your shower, or it takes a long time for the unit to heat water, it’s a sign of sediment build up reducing the efficiency of the heater. You might be able to flush the heater to improve it, but it will likely need replacement soon.
Containment—When you have a new heater installed, ask your plumber to install a catch pan under the heater to contain any possible leaks. If the heater is in an out-of-the-way place in your home, you can also have an alarm installed in the pan to alert you if it starts to leak.
Watching for these subtle signs can help you avoid the dreaded, unexpected flood.