04/05/2019
On August 24, 1814, British troops set fire to the White House and a number of other federal buildings in Washington, D.C. By the time they vacated the city, only the exterior walls were left standing. Sometime in the next several months, before repairs began in March of 1815, George Munger painted this watercolor of the burned-out shell of the White House.
Munger’s painting, entitled The President’s House, shows the soot-stained windows, deteriorating stone, and emptiness of the White House. After the burning, President Madison and his family moved into Octagon House, the nearby home of Colonel John Tayloe, which served as a temporary Executive Mansion until the White House was rebuilt.
Octagon House stands just southwest of the White House, and likely would have been visible from the view Munger depicts here. He may have chosen to leave it out to emphasize the desolation of the burned-out White House in the relatively undeveloped capital city. The Ailanthus trees in the foreground, which have sprouted on the untended grounds, heighten this impression.
One of the most unusual elements of the painting is the S-shaped squiggle poking out above the building’s roof. While it almost looks like a mistake, art historian William Kloss speculates that it is part of a lightning protection system that once encircled the White House roof. It has been torn from its moorings in the destruction wrought by the invading army.
The Munger family passed down this painting, along with a companion painting of the Capitol Building, for nearly 200 years. It was purchased for the White House Collection in 2001 by the White House Historical Association, while the Capitol painting was acquired by the Library of Congress.
Credit: White House Collection / White House Historical Association