07/22/2023
Disclaimer: I'm not a financial advisor, accountant, or attorney. I am a real estate broker associate with Pearson Smith Realty in Virginia and United Real Estate Infinity in Naples, Florida. You should consult one or all of the above before making any decisions. The following is for informational purposes only.
You might know that if you sell your primary house and have a big enough gain (profit), you may have to pay capital gain taxes. But, the IRS allows a tax-free gain of up to $250K for single owners and $500K for married couples if you file a joint return.
But did you know that if one of the spouses dies, the surviving spouse can still get the $500K gain tax-free as long as they sell the house within two years? As the clock starts clicking, a recently widowed spouse should keep this in mind if they've had considerable equity gain in the property since the original purchase.
How is the gain calculated? The sales price of the house, minus the original price of the house plus expenses. The original cost of the house is referred to as the basis. The basis is increased by real estate expenses and improvements to the home.
For example, if 25 years ago you paid $100,000 for the home, had real estate expenses of $10,000, plus invested $50,000 over the years finishing the basement and adding a patio, your basis would now be $160,000.
Let's say you sell the house and the sales price is $700,000 and you have $30,000 in real estate expenses. The $30,000 gets added to the $160,000 basis, raising it to $190,000. So your capital gain is $700,000 minus the basis of $190,000, which equals a $510,000 gain (profit). If you're able to avoid the capital gain tax on $500,000 of the profit, you will only pay taxes on $10,000.
There are IRS rules concerning this exclusion. According to the IRS website, you must meet the ownership test and the use test to claim the exclusion. You must have owned and lived in the home as your main home for a period of at least two years out of the five years prior to the date of sale. There are other rules that you can check out on the IRS website at https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc701
I highly recommend you keep a folder with the receipts of all the improvements you make to your home. I also recommend you keep records on a spreadsheet. This will come in handy when it comes time to calculate your capital gain, plus it will be very useful information when you list your house to potential buyers. You may be surprised at how many improvements you've made over the years and you don't want to forget any.
I hope this helps!