09/16/2026
"Bee" mindful of bagging this fall.
Before you bag every leaf this fall, remember what may be hiding underneath.
A layer of fallen leaves is not empty debris. It can be winter shelter for moths, butterflies, beetles, fireflies, bumblebee queens, and many other small animals.
Luna moths may overwinter in cocoons hidden among dried leaves. Some swallowtails survive winter as chrysalises camouflaged against fallen vegetation.
Bumblebee colonies die back at the end of the season, but newly mated queens survive. Many burrow into loose soil or sheltered places, sometimes only an inch or two below the surface. Leaf cover can help protect them from temperature extremes. One surviving queen may become the beginning of an entire colony the following year.
Fireflies also depend on relatively undisturbed habitat. Their larvae live in moist soil, leaf litter, and other protected places, where many hunt slugs, snails, worms, and other soft-bodied prey.
Then there are the less obvious residents: ground beetles, lady beetles, spiders, millipedes, and other decomposers and predators. Together, they form part of the food web that supports birds, amphibians, reptiles, and other backyard wildlife.
Leaves help the soil, too.
As they break down, they add organic matter, recycle nutrients, improve moisture retention, and help moderate soil temperatures. Used as mulch around trees, shrubs, and garden beds, they can also suppress weeds.
So what should you do with them?
Keep some leaves intact wherever practical. Rake them beneath shrubs, into flower beds, around trees, or into a quiet corner of the yard.
If you have too many leaves on the lawn, mulch-mowing can be useful. Shredded leaves break down quickly and can improve turf and soil. But there is a trade-off: mowing may kill insects or destroy eggs, caterpillars, and cocoons hiding in the leaves. Preserve an undisturbed patch elsewhere whenever possible.
You do not need to leave every leaf exactly where it falls.
Clear thick, wet layers that could smother grass. Keep leaves off steps and walkways, and make sure storm drains remain open.
The goal is not a messy yard.
It is a yard with room for both people and wildlife.