02/03/2020
Meet the pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana)
You may have heard them called the American antelope or speed goat. Why "speed goat?" The pronghorn is unequivocally the fastest land animal in North America and the second-fastest in the modern world. They can run at speeds of nearly 60 MPH for short distances and can coast at 30-40 MPH for several miles.
Generally speaking, land animals capable of great speed are fast for a specific reason: capturing prey (as with the African cheetah), or avoiding predation (as with horses).
However, North America is not home to predators that are capable of such speeds. But the hypothesis as to the origin of pronghorn speed is simple:
During the Pleistocene Epoch (approximately 2.5-million - 12-thousand years ago), a predator called the American cheetah roamed the continent. As with the modern African cheetah, the American cheetah is thought to have been extremely fast. The fossil record shows the cheetah and pronghorn ancestors to have shared a time and place. But as the cheetah eventually went extinct and the pronghorn did not, the pronghorn lost the speedy predator but not the speed. Pretty impressive!
Pronghorns are also unique in that both males and females have true horns, and the sheathes of those horns shed annually and grow back. They are also the sole remaining members of their family, Antilocapridae. Therefore, Antilocapridae is a monotypic family, a family containing just one single species.
These pronghorn were seen in Bewster County of far west Texas in December 2019. They can be found across large areas of North America, and although their populations decreased significantly in the past, they are considered now to be much healthier.
As they tend to occupy open areas with few obstructions, speed goats are not fans of jumping fences and prefer to go underneath. Many ranchers have modified sections of fences to accommodate this behavior.
Since pronghorn tend to migrate through the same route each year, only the frequently crossed areas of fence need to be modified. Game cameras can be put in place to monitor these routes and to determine the best areas for simple fence modification.