08/05/2022
“What does a Home Inspector look at?”
One of the services home buyers take advantage of is the Home Inspection. Generally, home buyers ask their realtors to recommend a local Home Inspector. The Home Inspector will work for their client, the home buyer, and let them know what is not working as intended in the house, or features of the house that are safety hazards. The home buyer often will use the information on the inspection report to renegotiate the price of the home, asking the seller to repair the indicated defects. Other times, the home buyer will use the information to budget for major purchases, such as a roof or major appliances. Sometimes, the home buyer will even cancel the sale based on what they learn in the report. Whatever the buyer decides to do, the Home Inspection report is owned by the client, and they do not have to share what they’ve learned with anyone else.
In Wisconsin, Home Inspectors are licensed and regulated, and they operate under Standards of Practice (SOP) that clearly lay out what an inspector will examine, and also specifically what is *not* being examined. Generally, the inspection is a non-invasive, visual examination of the observable and accessible systems of the home. This means that systems hidden in the walls are not observed, as that would require an invasive procedure like removing drywall. An inspector will examine the roofing and siding, including examining the under side of the roofing material from the attic, if it is accessible. An inspector will examine the basement or crawlspace to assess its condition. A home inspection also involves looking at the drainage around the house, any attached decks or patios, etc. The inspector will examine and evaluate the condition of the major systems in the house: heating, cooling, electrical, built-in appliances, etc. Some exclusions that are specifically not examined: anything that requires disassembling to access (often, Home Inspectors will remove the covers to electrical panels as an exception to this limitation, because a properly functioning electrical system is so important to safety), low voltage systems like speakers and deck lights, pools and spas, sprinklers, outbuildings (storage sheds, pool houses, etc, unless they have been specifically included in the inspection contract), retaining walls, removeable appliances, among others.
What an inspection is NOT:
Home inspectors do not check a house for building code compliance. Some of the items on a home inspection report indicate “defect” or “safety hazard”. In most cases, these also happen to be code violations. The problem with building codes in an inspection is that different municipalities adopt building codes at different times. Most adoptions of new codes will “grandfather” existing structures, essentially not requiring homeowners to update their homes to the new codes. Therefore, unless a Home Inspector has memorized every community’s code histories, they will normally not be aware of whether some defect in a home was actually considered correct at the time of installation. The only concerns to the Home Inspector are whether some system in the house is operating as intended, or has some safety hazard.
Home Inspectors are also not determining value, which is an appraiser’s job. Most lenders require appraisals to ensure they are managing their risk wisely. However, Home Inspectors are not assessing value, or even expected remaining life of systems; rather, Home Inspectors report, using their experience and training, the condition of each system they examine. Some systems have defects; other systems have some dangerous hazards; and other systems are working as they should.
The bottom line is that a Home Inspection is a valuable part of most home purchases. The information the home buyer learns on the inspection report can be used to negotiate with the seller on repairs or price reductions, or the home buyer can plan and budget for upcoming repairs or maintenance. Often the report will include reminders about periodic maintenance, such as changing filters, cleaning gutters, having chimneys examined annually, etc.